How do you test pagination in a GraphQL API?

GraphQL commonly uses the cursor connection pattern (the Relay spec):

query {
  orders(first: 10, after: "cursor123") {
    edges { node { id } cursor }
    pageInfo { hasNextPage endCursor }
  }
}

Test cases:

• Forward paging: fetch page 1, take pageInfo.endCursor, pass it as after to fetch page 2; assert page 2 continues where page 1 ended.
• Termination: page to the end; assert hasNextPage becomes false and the final page has the expected remainder.
• No gaps or dupes: collect IDs across all pages; assert the set matches an unpaginated count with no duplicates and nothing skipped.
• Boundary: first: 0, very large first, and an invalid cursor should each behave sensibly (empty, capped, or a clean error).
• Stability under change: cursor pagination should handle items being added/removed mid-pagination more gracefully than offset — worth testing if the data is live.

If the API uses offset pagination instead (limit/offset), test the classic offset pitfalls: drift when items are inserted between page fetches.