JUnit 5 Fundamentals — quiz

A colleague asks why JUnit 5 requires three separate artifacts (junit-jupiter-api, junit-jupiter-engine, and junit-platform-launcher) while JUnit 4 was a single jar. Which answer is most accurate?

• JUnit 5 was split purely for Maven dependency management convenience
• JUnit 5's Platform layer provides a common launcher API, allowing Jupiter (JUnit 5 tests), Vintage (JUnit 4 tests), and third-party engines to run on any compatible tool
• The split was done to allow Jupiter and Vintage to run in separate JVMs
• junit-jupiter-api is only needed at compile time and has no runtime role