Architecture & Design Principles — quiz

A team has test methods that directly call Selenium WebDriver APIs (`driver.findElement(By.xpath(...)).click()`), mix assertion logic with navigation steps, and embed database setup code inline. Which architectural problem does this represent?

• The tests are using XPath, which should be replaced with CSS selectors for better performance
• All concerns are collapsed into one layer — test intent, UI interaction, data setup, and infrastructure are interleaved. A layered architecture separates these so each layer has a single responsibility
• The problem is TestNG; switching to JUnit would fix the structural issue
• Database setup should never appear in test code; it is always a test infrastructure concern handled by DevOps